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Landscape at the Falls of the Ohio, Sept. 2013

This post is the last of this year’s summer posts and documents a walk I made at the Falls of the Ohio State Park one week before autumn officially began.  As you can see by the pictures…it was a very beautiful day filled with all kinds of discoveries.  There was a profusion of yellow-flowering plants of various species including goldenrod and sunflowers.  Here is a detail, I think from the Woodland Sunflower?  I wish I was as confident about plants as I am in identifying animals.  When I break out my flower books, I realize it would aid identification greatly to have an example on hand.  Collecting plants is not allowed within the park limits…so I try to take photos that might be of use in discerning the various closely related species.  Besides, I don’t think pressing these plants flat would even work?  I ask myself, what leaf shape does it have?  Are the leaves serrated, smooth, or hairy and how many rays do the flower heads have and other such questions of concern to the botanist.

Sunflowers at the Falls, Sept. 2013

I suppose I’m more of an imaginative botanist at heart who also appreciates the beauty and variety the many flowers add to the temporal landscape.  I do, however, stumble upon plants that I wonder if anyone else is noticing?  I’ve posted about these anomalies before and as the seasons change, the parade of these “unnatural plants” and “faux flowers” continues.  Consider these fresh blooms.

The Surprising Poinsettia, Falls of the Ohio, Sept. 2013

I call this one the “Surprising Poinsettia” because it comes shockingly red and completely unexpected.  Its sepals are rather fabric-like and its stem is grafted upon this sunflower by some unknown means.  The next plant is more subtle.

Orangey-tickseed, Sept. 2013

This is “Orangey-tickseed” and at first blush, one might be tempted to pass over it.  I had to do a double-take on this one, however, my instincts told me something was not quite right here.  Indeed the orange-colored flowers are not at all like the yellow plant it is cohabiting with.  Again, the texture is very much like plastic.  One final plant before moving on to other interesting discoveries.

Pink Sand Lily, Falls of the Ohio, Sept. 2013

I found this beautiful flower growing near the river in the sand and I have designated it the “Pink Sand Lily” because I’m not sure what else to call it?  It is for the most part, a low growing plant and the “flower” appears at the terminal end of a wiry green stalk about four inches tall or so.  The flower petals are composed of a string-like fiber while the stamens are hard and have pseudo-pollen on them.  These unusual plants were not my only discoveries on this fine day.  I nearly always find some doll or doll part that the river has washed into here and today was no exception.  I spotted a form in the wood chips and bark bits and went in for a closer look.  Dusting off the form revealed this doll body.

"rubberized" foam doll body, Sept. 2013

This was quite unlike any other doll “body” I’ve found before at the river.  The material was obviously made from a foam-like material, but it had the flexibility of rubber.  Nearby, I also discovered  an unusual serpent.

red, plush toy snake, Sept. 2013

Approximately a foot long, this red plush snake had large black eyes and had just a bit of its tongue sticking out.  This is the first of one of these objects that I have come across .  The river was flowing nearby and I walked over to the edge of the riverbank.  The water level has finally leveled off to more of its seasonal pool and the fossil banks on the Kentucky side were exposed for the first time this year.  Looking along the water’s edge, I came across this Freshwater Drum that an angler caught and released.  Unfortunately, for the fish…it did not survive being captured.  Here is its final portrait.

Freshwater Drum, Falls of the Ohio, Sept. 2013

The Freshwater Drum (Aplodinotus grunniens) is a widespread fish and common in the Ohio River.  It has several molar-like teeth in its mouth that it uses to crush and eat snails and small clams.  The drum is not considered a desirable food species around here.  Here’s another fish I found on this walk that is also inedible.

red plastic fish bottle, Falls of the Ohio, Sept. 2013

The second “fish” I came across was this plastic bottle.  I’m guessing that the bottle may have contained shampoo for children?  Regardless, I was struck by the level of abstraction occurring here.  The tail is minimally represented and the gills are indicated by two lines near the eyes, but there is enough here to suggest a fish.  My next find is mid way between the drum and the plastic bottle being closer to the latter than the former.  Here are two views of it.

The Silvergill, Falls of the Ohio, Sept. 2013

Silvergill, Sept. 2013, Falls of the Ohio

This is a Silvergill which is closely related to the Iron Gill (which I have posted about previously).  Differences between the two species include size (this fish is smaller) and some of the fins are not the same shape or in the same position.  The Silvergill is much more rarely encountered than its larger cousin.  It is found in water of average to poor quality and often associated with coal and coal dust. It is omnivorous and eats aquatic insect larvae and algae which it grazes off of rocks.  I’m assuming that it washed up here a victim (like the Freshwater Drum) of an angler looking to catch something more worthwhile.  I took a few photos and then moved on.  The fossil beds were beckoning and I could see the resident flock of Black Vultures congregating on the rocks.  No doubt they had discovered a fish or two on their own.  Until next time from the Falls of the Ohio.

Fossil beds and Black Vultures at the Falls of the Ohio, Sept. 2013

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Orangeman, Falls of the Ohio, Sept. 2013

The Orangeman was really excited to see me and asked me breathlessly, “Where have you been lately?”  I filled him in about my busy life and work and then turned the table by asking my friend what all the hubbub was about?  He knows that if I could I would spend most of my time down by the river and probably go completely native and become a river rat in the process.  He also knows that if there is something not to be missed down by the Falls of the Ohio…that I would do my best not to miss it!  The Orangeman explained that he had several things he wanted to show me beginning with a monumental discovery he came across in a discarded plastic five gallon bucket.  This would be Exhibit A.

plants growing in a found bucket, Falls of the Ohio, Sept. 2013

The slightly sun-faded blue bucket or pail was sitting on an angle in the sand…just as the river had left it.  River mud and dirt more than filled the bucket up passed the midway point.  Orangeman walked me over to the bucket and said “Peek inside and tell me what you see.”  I did as he asked and more than a little perplexed I replied…”Well, I see a few small plants and vines growing in the dirt.”  Orangeman groaned…”That part is obvious, however, the deeper meaning lies in how resilient life is and even within the confines of a plastic bucket…life wants to grow and express itself.”  I had to admit that the Orangeman was making an interesting point here.  At home, I keep flowers and plants in flower pots and other containers made for the purpose and get pleasure from seeing them thrive and be beautiful.  What I hadn’t considered was the idea that any container also acts as a barrier.  Life wants to join with life and be a part of the interconnected whole.  The roots of these bucket plants were only going to be able to spread so far.  Still, as the Orangeman explained…”The will to live and grow is strong even if there are limitations present.  There was more to see and the Orangeman walked me over to Exhibit B.

plant life growing in a shattered plastic drum, Falls of the Ohio, Sept. 2013

I must admit that I was impressed by the second example that my friend the Orangeman showed me.  In a shattered plastic drum, various grasses and so-called weeds were sprouting through a large hole in the top of the container.  Years ago, dirt and sand filled the barrel through the actions of river water and wind rendering it too heavy to pick up and move.  Different plant seeds found their way into the barrel and discovering this small niche…set out to colonize and thrive as best they could.  Perhaps these grasses will find enough of what they need to move through their life cycle and produce seed for another generation?  Or perhaps they won’t due to all kinds of other variables, but the point remains that life will take that chance.

Orangeman speaks, Sept. 2013

I hadn’t seen the Orangeman in such a didactic mood before and I was impressed with his earnestness.  Previously, he had struck me as a happy-go-lucky guy and not especially bothered by all the serious stuff in the world.  I certainly was seeing a different side of my friend that I hadn’t seen before.  We walked and talked together and before long reached the last sight he wanted me to see.  We might as well designate this as Exhibit C of the day.

Orangeman and willow/tire tree, late Aug. 2013, Falls of the Ohio

The Orangeman stopped next to an old discarded tire and with a flourish of his arms and hands and said, “Here it is!”  The “it” part was a small willow tree that was growing through the center of the tire.  I didn’t tell my friend this but, I already knew about this particular tree and another one I had discovered very similar to it in the western section of the Falls of the Ohio State Park.  I had even photographed this very tree on several occasions.  This is how it looked in late spring.

willow tree growing through a tire

We had a relatively cool spring and it seemed to my eye that the plants at the Falls got off to a slow start.  The willow-in-the-tire took its time ‘leafing out”, but eventually it did.  Now I must say that a tree growing through the middle of a tire is a remarkable thing, however, there is more to admire about this particular tree.  The Orangeman invited me to make a closer inspection.

willow growing through holes in a metal wheel, Sept. 2013

Amazingly, this willow tree was growing through the holes in the metal wheel that were still in the tire!  The tiny, wispy seeds from a willow tree must have passed through one of the holes and taken root in the mud and soil beneath the tire.  Hungry and thirsty for light, the various branches moved through the holes.  I told the Orangeman that this was indeed an amazing example of life making do in very unpromising circumstances.

willow/tire tree, June 2013

I’m going to monitor this tree with the Orangeman’s help because I’m curious to see if it can continue to thrive and grow.  Will it eventually lift the tire into the air like some perverse hula-hoop as the trunk thickens and becomes more pronounced?  Or, will the holes in the metal prove too restrictive and choke the life out these branches?  Or, will something else out of the blue change the situation?  The river usually gets the last word and flooding could easily send a flotilla of battering logs the willow tree’s way.  The Orangeman and I parted company, but not before I thanked him for his time.  Indeed, he had given me much to mull over.  The idea that life is very resilient and will find a way to endure was comforting to me…especially as the physical world continues to change around us.

plastic pine growing out of a stump, Sept. 2013

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spider's web in the morning light, Falls of the Ohio, Aug. 2013The Falls of the Ohio is a special place in the history of life.  From the ancient marine creatures whose remains are preserved in limestone dating back more than 370 million years a go to the contemporary creatures that inhabit the park today…it is my goal to celebrate life here in all its diversity.  I’m going to use this post to present images of recent finds.  I was exploring the western side of this state park recently and saw this spider’s web high off the ground catching the early morning light.  I’m sure its architect would prefer a buggy meal over the photons it has snared instead!  Looking at this web image, I’m struck by how similar this  looks to the cross-section of a tree.  Can you see that too with the outermost silk rings resembling a tree’s growth rings?  In the Purple Loosestrife stands, butterflies were having a nectar feast and I presented many images of them in a previous post.  Here’s one more to add to that portfolio.  I have seen this butterfly species wind up on the spider’s menu before.

Dog Face Butterfly on Purple Loosestrife, Falls of the Ohio, late Aug. 2013

This is the Dog Face Butterfly (Colias cestonia ).  It is often difficult to photograph this butterfly in the wild with its wings open because this species prefers to feed with its wings held together.  Through the strong light passing through the forewings, you can get the suggestion of a dog’s head in profile.  Imagine the black rimmed spot as the “dog’s eye” with its muzzle pointing down.  When open, the dark interior margins of the wings are a warm black color.  I was exploring the interstitial sandy zone between the river and the willow woods…when I came across this interesting amphibian.

The American Toad at the Falls of the Ohio, August 2013

American Toad, dorsal view, Falls of the Ohio, Aug. 2013

If this American Toad ( Bufo americanus ) had not moved…I doubt I would have seen it.  It’s coloration is wonderfully cryptic easily blending into the sand.  The toad was busy hunting among the debris and driftwood for any insects and invertebrates it could find.  I don’t encounter many amphibians out here…so finding a common toad is a noteworthy event.  Let’s move up the evolutionary ladder a bit.  I was busy working on one of my Styrofoam sculptures at my outdoor studio when I felt I was being watched.  When I lifted my eyes up from my artwork…I found myself looking eye to eye with this critter.

Woodchuck or groundhog at the Falls of the Ohio, Aug. 2013

This is the common Groundhog or Woodchuck ( Marmota monax ).  As its scientific name suggests, this large rodent is a member of the marmot family.  Woodchucks are successfully established at the Falls and I encounter them often.  They are fast diggers and live in an extensive system of burrows.  Woodchucks usually don’t stray too far away from the entrances to their burrows.  Succulent greens are the preferred foods.  This particular woodchuck regarding me is a young individual and may be seeking territory of its own?  Usually, I don’t see them this close to the river.  I did have an interesting recent encounter with a very different animal in the western section of the Falls of the Ohio State Park.  Have you ever heard of an animal called the Camelope, (Antilocapra fallsei )?  It is very rarely seen.  The flora and fauna at the Falls can be roughly divided between forms that are “natural” and “unnatural”.  The spider, butterfly, toad, and woodchuck fit in the natural fauna category, while the Camelope is definitely on the unnatural fauna side of life and may represent evolution at an accelerated pace?  The many stresses to the environment and its myriad ecosystems have required a dramatic response and creatures like the Camelope may be nature’s way of responding to these changes?  I’m not a trained scientist, but that is my educated guess.  Discovering and documenting these recent life forms has become a passion of mine.  Anyway, let’s look at a Camelope.  Let’s start with an image of its head.

Camelope, detail of head, August 2013

It’s called a Camelope because its head generally resembles that of a camel’s.  This is a browsing animal and accepts a wide range of vegetation growing along the river.  It has dark eyes that are always nervously looking around for potential predators.  This park is also home to Feralocitors that prey upon Camelopes.  This particular species also has an acute sense of smell.

Camelope at the Falls of the Ohio, Aug. 2013

Camelope at the Falls of the Ohio, Aug. 2013

I came across this Camelope in a more isolated section of the park.  It was hiding among the stands of loosestrife and drinking water from the springs that flow downhill and into the river.  It is ever alert and very nimble with quick feet and seemingly at home climbing on rocks or navigating through dense vegetation.  Their bodies resemble that of deer or antelopes…hence Camelope.

Camelope reacting to an unfamiliar sound, Aug. 2013

Camelope at the Falls of the Ohio, Aug. 2013

Since it is a relatively new animal…not very much is known about it.  I was able to conceal my presence long enough to manage these images.  I either moved or the wind shifted, but anyway my presence was detected and with a quick bound, the Camelope disappeared into the brush.  I hope I may come across it again and learn more about its secretive life.  Regardless, I will keep my eyes open and my camera at the ready for any new “unnatural” life forms I discover.  It occurred to me on my way home that my Falls of the Ohio Project is now officially ten years old!  I started exploring this fascinating park as the Artist at Exit 0 in August 2003 when the bicentennial of the Lewis and Clark Expedition was being celebrated.  Reading early 19th century accounts of the natural abundance of our country and this place in particular made me wistful for a world that no longer exists.  Two hundred years later…that process continues and no doubt will two hundred years from now.  I have often thought of this riverblog as a historical document as relevant today as Lewis and Clark’s notebooks and journals were back when this country was first being described.  I hope this park and its remarkable history will continue to inspire people for a very long time.  In closing, I would like to present an image of Canada Geese on the water near the fossil beds.  Their coloration gives them in my mind’s eye a formal quality and lends dignity to the landscape.  Until next time…from the Falls of the Ohio.

Canada Geese and fossil rock at the Falls of the Ohio, Aug. 2013

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purple loosestrife at the Falls of the Ohio, Aug. 2013

This post includes two recent trips to the Purple Loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) flowers in the western section of the Falls of the Ohio State Park.  I have made my peace with the fact that the Purple Loosestrife plant is an invasive species at this location. It is really successful at crowding out the other plants that gather in this wetlands area. Originally introduced from Europe, the Purple Loosestrife has spread across the United States.  Eradicating it is very difficult because millions of seeds are produced annually and the loosestrife can grow with just a fragment of root in the ground.  The loosestrife probably doesn’t realize that it has this poor reputation for it provides beauty to the landscape and food for a myriad of insects, particularly butterflies.  Surely, the loosestrife can be forgiven for being itself?  Can the same be said of our kind who after all perpetuated the Purple Loosestrife by planting it to begin with and then allowing it to escape into the larger environment?  The loosestrife arrived here floating down the river.  I can recall when there wasn’t any to be found in the park.

The Butterfly Man, 9/2010

Here’s a flashback from three years a go.  I remember it was my lavender-lipped friend, the Butterfly Guide, who introduced me to this loosestrife stand back in September of 2010.  We had a great time together and I managed a few nice butterfly images on that day.  Ever since the Butterfly Guide showed me the way, I’ve been returning on my own and observing and documenting what happens here.  I heard through the grapevine that my old friend has since passed on and is conducting tours in the great beyond.  He had a knack for revealing beauty to all who wanted to experience it.  Seeing his image again makes me feel nostalgic.

Eastern Checkerspot

This is an Eastern or Harris’ Checkerspot (Chlosyne harrisii) and was the most numerous butterfly I saw visiting the loosestrife flowers.  They were so intent on sipping nectar that it was easy to approach them as they fed.  Now for a few more checkerspot images.

Eastern Checkerspot feeding, Aug. 2013

Eastern Checkerspot, Falls of the Ohio, Aug. 2013

Eastern Checkerspot, Aug. 2013, Falls of the Ohio

I found myself carefully wading into the flowers to get as close as possible.  Many of the flower bunches were in the six to seven feet tall range and it was humid walking among the plants.  We have been having a mild streak lately with lower than normal temperatures and regular precipitation.  Residents in our locality have had few reasons to complain about the heat.  The checkerspots are not the only butterflies out here.  Various swallowtail butterflies also enjoy these flowers.  Here are images of an Eastern Tiger Swallowtail, (Papilio glaucus).

Tiger Swallowtail on purple loosestrife, Falls of the Ohio, Aug. 2013

Tiger Swallowtail on Purple Loosestrife, Falls of the Ohio, Aug. 2013

We are fortunate to have many other species of swallowtails in our area.  Among the others I have associated with the loosestrife flowers include the Pipevine Swallowtail (Battus philenor), the American or Eastern Black Swallowtail (Papilio polyxenes), and the Spicebush Swallowtail (Papilio troilus).  Here’s an image of a Spicebush Swallowtail feeding.

Spicebush Swallowtail on Purple Loosestrife, Aug. 2013

We have several different Skipper species present.  This is the Silver-spotted Skipper (Epargyreus clarus).  The white spot on its hind wing shines like mother-of-pearl when the light hits it just right.

Silver-spotted Skipper on Purple Loosestrife, Falls of the Ohio, Aug. 2013

Another regular visitor is the Cabbage Butterfly (Pieris rapae).

Cabbage Butterfly, Aug. 2013

Cabbage Butterfly caught by a spider, Falls of the Ohio, Aug. 2013

I was struck by the unusual pose this Cabbage Butterfly was in and decided to get closer to check it out.  When it didn’t fly away…I knew something else was going on.  Although you can’t see it in this picture, a small spider has caught this butterfly by its head.  With so many insects feeding on the loosestrife, predators were sure to follow.  Large bumble bees also enjoy these flowers.  They are so heavy that they cause the loosestrife stems to bend upon landing on them.

Bumble Bee on loosestrife flowers, Aug. 2013

Over the years, I have watched the Purple Loosestrife become more common in the western section of the park.  The plant is now well established.  Typically, the loosestrife blooms continuously from July to September, but to my eye, it is looking like the blooms are starting to play out a bit?  Every year is different and some butterflies are more common in one year than another.  Missing from the loosestrife blooms this year are the Buckeyes, Monarchs, and their mimics…the Viceroy Butterflies.  Perhaps they will still make an appearance later on if the loosestrife flowers continue blooming.  I hope you have enjoyed wading through the loosestrife with me?  Next time, I will post something about the exhibition at the Kentucky Museum of Art and Craft that is featuring this blog in their show.  Now time for one final image before closing.Purple Loosestrife at the Falls of the Ohio, Aug. 2013

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Tree in the western section of the Falls of the Ohio State Park, Aug. 2013

Resolved to stay away from my old atelier under the willow trees for a while, I decided to explore the western section of the Falls of the Ohio State Park.  It was just the most beautiful day and residents of our area have remarked on how unusually nice it’s been of late.  The air today has wonderful clarity and although it’s summer and the sun is shining…we are many degrees below our usual temps.  I feel the western part of the Falls of the Ohio begins once you cross the creek at the end of the Woodland Loop Trail.  This is an area that receives fewer visitors and I’m happy just to wander with nothing on my mind.  As I walk the narrow strip of land that is the riverbank, on my left are sounds from the river and on my right are various bird songs originating under the tree canopy.  I see the formerly high river has deposited driftwood here in new configurations along with the usual plastic junk.  My eyes are open and ready for anything.  I doesn’t take very long before I make the first of several discoveries new to me in and around a patch of Wild Potato-Vines.

Goldstein's False Mum among Wild Potato Vine flowers, Falls of the Ohio, Aug. 2013

Close up of Goldstein's False Mum, Aug. 2013

This is Goldstein’s False Mum which is named after the resident naturalist at the Falls of the Ohio State Park.  This is another in a series of very odd flowers while being organic by definition  have little in common with the other plants that grow along side of them.  In general, plastic-like blooms and foliage characterize these botanical rarities.  None of these plants (which form a new order of their own called Artificialia ) are capable of photosynthesis despite the appearance of green leaves.  Goldstein’s False Mum is a summer plant that produces a hard, yellow, frilly blossom that appears on the terminal end of a woody stem.  It prefers sandy, disturbed soils or decaying wood and is usually seen in the company of traditional flowering plants.  It produces no scent and no insects were observed being attentive to the false mum.  Now the Wild Potato-Vine is also an interesting plant.  It is a member of the Morning Glory family and its bloom is primarily white with a purplish maroon throat.  I have seen large bumble bees pollinating this flower.  What sets this plant apart is under the ground.  The Wild Potato-Vine produces a large tuber that had food value for the indigenous people.  Here is a another specimen of Goldstein’s False Mum growing out of a soft, decaying log also in the presence of Wild Potato-Vines.

Goldstein's False Mum and Wild Potato-Vine flowers, Falls of the Ohio, Aug. 2013

Not too far away and also in association with the Wild Potato-Vines is another type of plastic-like plant and here is its portrait.

Wild Potato-Vine blossom with Saprophytic Zinnia, Falls of the Ohio, Aug. 2013

The Saprophytic Zinnia, Falls of the Ohio, Aug. 2013

The Log Weed is a saprophytic plant.  Lacking chlorophyll it relies on decaying matter for its sustenance.  The Log Weed is characterized by a corolla of hard plastic-like petals and never has what we would describe as leaves coming off its woody stem.  No one is quite sure how it propagates? Its blossoms appear in mid summer and seem to hang around forever.

Trumpet Creeper, Falls of the Ohio, Aug. 2013

These are tubular flowers from the Trumpet Creeper vine which is a native and natural sight at the Falls of the Ohio.  This is a climbing, spreading vine and wood ants seem to love them.  If you look closely at the above photo…you can see several ants crawling on the Trumpet Creeper’s attractive blooms.  I was admiring this vine when I noticed that there was something not quite right about it and this is what I discovered.

Unknown fruit on Trumpet Creeper, Aug. 2013

Notice the yellow orb to the upper right of the Trumpet Creeper blossoms? Thus far, the yellow fruit with its accompanying leaf remain unclassified.  It is, however, grafted to the woody stem of the vine.  Amazingly, it even has a false stem to deceive.  Could it be parasitic?  One hypothesis why this plant with the odd fruit appears with Trumpet Creeper might be the protection it receives from the vine’s wood ants?  The fruit and leaf are also very polymer-like and may indeed be plastic.  More and more we are learning how ubiquitous plastic is in the environment.  I heard a report about the Great Lakes the other day saying that there is a considerable amount of micro plastic in these large bodies of fresh water.  Upon examination, much of this plastic takes the form of tiny balls that are blended into deodorants and toothpaste to make the product flow more evenly.  These beads are so small that they pass through the finest screens at the waste water treatment plants and into the lakes.  I think Nature is metabolizing this plastic and recombining the hydrocarbons in novel ways, but that is just my theory.

Cottonwood tree fort, Falls of the Ohio, Aug. 2013

I paid my favorite cottonwood tree a visit and it’s been a while since I took shelter under its large, exposed roots.  People, especially the locals, like hanging out here and I witnessed much less trash since my last visit which is a good thing.  One big “improvement” has been made with the addition of a red, upholstered couch and I took a moment to rest here before moving on.

red couch under the cottonwood tree, Aug. 2013

The couch is very comfortable and I’m amazed that people actually dragged this piece of furniture down here.  Eventually, it will be reclaimed by the river.  Here’s another view from under the tree.

space under the cottonwood tree, Aug. 2013

For those who prefer their comforts a bit more on the rustic side…there is another bench for seating and it’s made from a slab of wood balanced on short logs.

under the cottonwood tree, Aug. 2013

I rested, had a snack and drank some water before moving on.  I’ve designated my intended destination as “Loosestrife Land” for the abundance of these non-native flowers that have taken over moist areas in the western section of the park.  I’m going there seeking something else which will be the subject of my next post.  I’ll catch up with you soon but for now…so long and happy trails to you.

Purple Loosestrife flowers in bloom, Falls of the Ohio, Aug. 2013

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Northern Rough-winged Swallow, Falls of the Ohio, 2013

I’ve had some interesting birding encounters of late at the Falls of the Ohio and so I thought now is an opportune time to post them.  I took this image of the Northern Rough-winged Swallow recently.  To my eye, this species seems to be on the increase as is its cousin, the more familiar Barn Swallow.  This is especially good since they eat big quantities of flying insects.  Herons (especially Great Blue Herons and Black-crowned Night-Herons) are abundant and since the fishing has been good of late…I’ve seen plenty of both species.  Here are two more recent images.  The first is of a pair of Great Blue Herons that were taking advantage of the recent Skipjack Herring run.

Great Blue Heron pair, June 2013

The most common heron here is the Black-crowned Night-Heron.  They are considerably smaller than the Great Blues and have striking red eyes.  You can find them wading in the shallower waters looking for fish, crayfish, or small frogs.  This image was taken in the eastern section of the park and this bird was perched on a log stranded on top of the dam’s wall.

Black-crowned Night Heron at the Falls of the Ohio, June 2013

I’ve saved the two most interesting avian encounters for last.  A couple of weeks a go, I was sitting at my outdoor studio under the willow trees when I heard the sound of a young bird pleading for food.  Looking around, I was able to find the hungry bird and I snapped this picture of it.

young Brown-headed Cowbird, June 2013

I recognize that this is the young of the Brown-headed Cowbird.  What is fascinating about this species (and the two other species of cowbirds in North America) is that the adults do not raise their own young.  Cowbirds parasitize the nests of other bird species.  In the case of the Brown-headed Cowbird they have been known to lay their eggs in the nests of about 200 different species of birds.  Usually, the young Brown-headed Cowbird out competes the host specie’s nestlings.  I was curious to see who this bird’s “parents” were and it didn’t take long to find out.

Brown-headed Cowbird chick and Carolina Wren, Falls of the Ohio, June 2013

In the case of this cowbird chick it is being raised by a hardworking pair of Carolina Wrens.  The baby is nearly double the wren’s size and vibrates its wings along with calling out to stimulate the wrens to feed it.  Here are a couple more pictures of the wren feeding the cowbird.

Carolina Wren feeding a Brown-headed Cowbird chick, Falls of the Ohio, June 2013

Carolina Wren and Brown-headed Cowbird chick, June 2013

In case you were wondering, cowbirds are not the only species to lay their eggs in other bird’s nests.  In Europe, the cuckoo also does this, but parasitizes fewer species.  I often wonder how does the cowbird know it’s a cowbird especially if it is raised by a completely different species?  Obviously, some behaviors are “hard-wired” and innate .  In the early Spring, Brown-headed Cowbirds are early arrivals and always on the look out for other breeding species of birds and their nest sites.  Their courtship is not a thing of beauty with each drab Brown-headed Cowbird female usually being pursued by multiple males.  Moving on, here is a recent picture of an adult male and you can see why they are called Brown-headed Cowbirds.

male Brown-headed Cowbird, Falls of the Ohio, June 2013

Recently, I was in the far western section of the Falls of the Ohio State Park where I saw my very first Indiana Rail.  Rails are much smaller relatives of the heron family and other wading shorebirds.  The Indiana Rail is a little smaller than a chicken and rarely seen since it favors dense underbrush and is usually more active at night.

Indian Rail at the Falls of the Ohio, June 2013

I was taking a break sitting on the fossil rocks when this bird with a long, bright red bill appeared from among the ever-growing vines.  I held still and was able to record this species with a small series of photographic images.  This bird seemed very interested in the holes situated among the rocks.

Indiana Rail, Falls of the Ohio, June 2013

Indiana Rail, Falls of the Ohio, June 2013

Unlike the cowbirds…both the Indiana Rail male and female participate in raising their own young.  Typically, four or five green mottled eggs are deposited in a loose bowl constructed of decaying river vegetation.  It is believed that the heat generated from this decomposing matter helps to incubate the eggs , but this is still speculative.  There is a lot left to learn about this enigmatic creature.

Head of the Indiana Rail, June 2013

Indiana Rail, Falls of the Ohio, June 2013

I watched the rail for about twenty minutes as it poked around the vines that were beginning to cover the fossil rocks.  Every now and then it would use its strong-looking bill to probe the cracks around the drying mud.  Just as mysteriously as it appeared…it disappeared leaving me with this wonderful memory and a hand full of pictures to prove it was here.  See you later!

Indiana Rail, Falls of the Ohio, June 2013

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Fishermen, Falls of the Ohio, June 1, 2013

It’s the beginning of June at the Falls of the Ohio.  I arrived at the river to find a dozen or so fishermen that were up on this cool, grey morning before me.  There are both people and boats in and on the water.  Many fishermen are knee to thigh high in the river balancing themselves on the shallow, but rocky bottom.

Fishermen at the Falls, June 2013

The river attracts all kinds of fishermen.  I see people who have lots of fancy, expensive tackle and for the most part they are using light gear for smaller, sporty, quarry.  And then there are the guys that seem more local and blue-collar.  No fancy gear here that the anglers might prefer.  Rather this is a big pole, five gallon bucket, come as you are affair.  Word has probably been passed down the line that the “shad” are running and it’s a good time to catch a mess of fish.

Skipjack herring at the Falls of the Ohio, June 2013

This is the fish of the day…the Skipjack Herring, (Alosa chrysochloris).  This fish was first described by the naturalist Rafinesque in the early part of the 19th century.  It’s an abundant and beautiful fish found in all of Kentucky’s major rivers and up into the Mississippi River too.  The Skipjack is anadromous which means it migrates up rivers from the sea to breed.  During the right time of year large schools of Skipjacks are congregating under the dams and waiting for the chance to move forward.  The Skipjack gets its name from jumping out of the water like a skimming stone in pursuit of the smaller fishes it eats.  At the Falls, the fishermen are catching Skipjacks to use as bait.  The fish is cut into quarters and set upon large treble hooks in the hopes of catching big catfish.  One fisherman told me he witnessed a 30 pound catfish being caught with this method the previous night.  I recently read that these waters were also once home to the Ohio Shad (Alosa ohiensis) which were first described from specimens caught in the Ohio River at Louisville in the late 19th century.  This fish is so rare now that it is on occasion listed as being extinct.  The Ohio Shad was probably not common to begin with.

dead fish, June 2013

Along the water’s edge the smell of dead fish demarcates the air where water and land meet.  The riverbank is littered with the unlucky who through lost scales and exposed bone are returning to the world from which they came.  There was one unfamiliar fish that I came across and I did a series of photos of it.  Here are several views I made of this new fish.

Yellow-fin Carp with skipjack, June 2013

Fish studies, June 2013

There isn’t anything in the literature about this fish and so I’m going to designate it the Yellow-fin Carp for obvious reasons.  In life, it probably was in the 3 to 5 pound range and I’m surprised it didn’t get cut up for bait as well? It has the tell-tale large eyes that suggest it is a deeper water fish.  It was probably caught by mistake, released, died, and washed up here with the other unfortunates.  Here’s a couple of images made along the riverbank.

Yellow-fin Carp in hand, June 2013

Yellow-fin Carp in hand 2, June 2013

Since this is something you don’t run across out here very often, I thought I would post a few more images that provide a more formal portrait.

Yellow-fin Carp, facing right, June 2013

Yellow-fin Carp, facing left, June 2013

And now for a head-on view of this interesting fish.

head-on view of Yellow-fin Carp, June 2013

People were not the only animals out here after the Skipjacks.  Several bird species including Ospreys, Double-crested Cormorants, Black-crowned Night Herons, and Great Blue Herons were taking their share.  Here is a heron couple that are set up by the tainter gates in the eastern section of the park.   Between catching fish they mirrored each other in a few courtship moves.

Great Blue Herons by the tainter gates at the Falls of the Ohio, June 2013

 

The fossil limestones at the Falls of the Ohio are famous for the diversity of Devonian Age life forms that are preserved within the rocks.  Ironically, the Devonian Age is also known as the age of fishes because they first appear in the fossil record over 350 million years a go.  At the Falls, however, fish are poorly represented in this rock record.  I imagined that if they had preserved as well as other creatures…their remains might look something like this.

dead fish at the Falls, June 2013

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Falls of the Ohio, late May 2013

Another great day at the Falls of the Ohio.  Although it’s late May, we haven’t immediately jumped from a cool spring into a sweltering summer heat.  We still have time for that.  I’m following the deposited driftwood which forms these nice clearings punctuated here and there by small stands of willow trees.  There’s a method to my walks.  I carefully and as quietly as I can listen and look for any bird life in each new area I move into.  If I don’t find any birds than I move around the driftwood looking for interesting pieces and any other water born junk of note.  If an object captures my eye, I usually take a photograph of it in the context of the environment surrounding it.  If it is something really unusual, portable,  and potentially useful…then I may drop it into my collecting bag.  I also try to pay attention to any new flowers or insects that are out since my last visit. I don’t collect anything living since with the exception of fish…it’s against the park’s rules.

Falls of the Ohio, late May 2013

I will also walk the river bank doing much the same thing before heading back into the trees and my studio under the willows.  It’s here at my outdoor “atelier” that I check out my latest finds and with the materials I’ve previously collected…attempt to make art from them.  I was taking a break sitting on a bench I made and letting my mind “go blank” and just listening.  In the trees I could hear Northern orioles, Blue jays, and Catbirds all making their distinctive sounds.  With birds, you don’t need to see them to know they are present.  Small, noisy flocks of Cedar waxwings were flying from mulberry tree to mulberry tree seeking out ripe fruit.  I also kept hearing a “clicking or clacking”  sound originating behind where I was sitting which I mistakenly took for a squirrel moving among the branches.  I would look over my shoulder every now and then, but I didn’t see anything at first.  I didn’t see anything at all…until it moved!

Giant spider on web, late May 2013

Between its cryptic coloration and the dappled light effects of sunlight filtering through the tree tops…I had completely missed seeing the biggest spider in the world!  I know I had to walk by this marvel, but it didn’t register at all until this moment.  The spider wasn’t making any threatening gestures yet…perhaps it was remaining still “thinking” that I hadn’t located it.  The spider on its web was perhaps a dozen feet away from where I was sitting.  Meanwhile the hairs on the back of my neck were on end and I had an acute case of goosebumps all over my body!  Instinctively, I reached for my camera and started taking pictures.

Giant spider, May 2013

Carefully walking around the spider and its web, I snapped off as many images as my nerves would dare.  I still had no idea what it was capable of doing especially in protection of its nest?  I had my stout walking stick at the ready.  Nestled in a depression in the wood at the web’s base was a silk-lined “pocket” that held three white cocoons.  I wasn’t sure if these were egg cases or the wrapped up remains of former meals?

giant spider egg cases?, Falls of the Ohio, May 2013

In trying to describe this spider to you…I utilized my walking stick not only for protection, but to gauge its size as well.  Later in the comfort of my home, I estimated that the length of its body from the head to the tip of its abdomen to be approximately 30 inches or 76 centimeters long.  It’s moving legs made the spider seem much larger, but they were harder to measure.  The legs were perfectly camouflaged resembling the driftwood all around us.  The spider’s abdomen is covered with coarse hair arranged in bands of orange, white, and a bluish-black colors.  Otherwise, the spider is as white as the large river-polished chunks of Styrofoam that wash up on these fabled shores all the time.

Head of Giant Driftwood Spider, May 2013

lower jaws of Giant Driftwood Spider, May 2013

The head of what I’m now going to call the “Giant Driftwood Spider” is very unusual for a spider.  The fact it is nearly distinct (as in insects) and not simply continuous with the thorax makes it different.  The head was not, however, capable of movement.  This spider features four eyes.  It has two, larger dominant eyes and a vestigial pair located between them.  The fangs were purple in color and supported by black jaws used for gripping prey.  The clicking sound I had heard earlier were its fangs rubbing together.  Like all spiders…I assumed that this species is carnivorous as well.? Consistent with true spiders, this giant species also has eight legs, although the Giant Driftwood Spider’s are not uniform.  After watching this great arachnid for several minutes, it surprised me by leaving its web and walking towards the river.  I naturally, followed behind it at a discreet distance.

Giant Driftwood Spider, May 2013

Giant Driftwood Spider on a stump. May 2013

Giant Driftwood Spider on tree roots, May 2013

The giant spider moved deliberately through the driftwood field pausing once in a while for whatever reason.  Thoughts about what this spider did for food crossed my mind.  Was it an ambush predator secretly lying next to a log waiting for a meal to walk by?  Did it rush and overwhelm its prey with a lethal bite to the body?  I thought this likely since its web by my outdoor studio didn’t seem big enough to capture anything larger than birds or rodents.  I got the sense that this spider was able to go a long time between feedings.  I continued to follow the spider when it stopped at another silk construction it had previously created.

Great Driftwood Spider in yellow silk lair, May 2013

The spider stopped by what I’m guessing to be another silk trap?  The spider may have been trying to hide its form with the silk?  Perhaps it uses a method similar to trapdoor spiders in catching its food?  I will confess that I do get “creeped out” by having spider webs go across my face.  I have always had an aversion to this feeling, although generally speaking…I’m okay with the spiders themselves.  In this particular area, it felt like I was constantly wiping my face which made me very ill at ease.

Giant Driftwood Spider in its lair, May 2013

Giant Driftwood Spider attack!, May 2013

I circled back around to get a better look and when I did the spider lunged for me! With fangs clacking together and its legs gesturing wildly, the spider held its ground, but did not advance towards me.  With stick at the ready and in deep fear, I was prepared to swing down as hard as I could on the spider if I had to.  That’s when it occurred to me how wrong that would be?  Who was doing most of the provoking anyway?  Perhaps the spider was reacting in self-defense?  As with most living things, this spider had as much if not more reason to fear humans.  Even though this was the biggest spider I had ever seen…I was still bigger than it.  With that realization I backed off and took my leave of the Giant Driftwood Spider.  Reaching my home, I couldn’t wait to see the pictures and to tell the story of this remarkable animal encounter.  The world is full of natural marvels and the Falls of the Ohio…has many of them.

willow tree and roots at the Falls of the Ohio, May 2013

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Falls of the Ohio, mid May 2013

It’s mid May and the Ohio River is high at the Falls of the Ohio.  A now warm wind (it was cold yesterday) is driving muddy waves against the shoreline and the willow trees are in their element.  Except for me…there is no one else around.  Bird life, however, is ever-present and I count many newly arrived species that spent the winter south of the equator.  Eastern Kingbirds are establishing their territories and many different birds already have active nests going.  A bright blue Indigo Bunting flies into my sight line long enough to be identified before once again hiding from view in the tops of the trees. Because the river is taking up most of the bank, I’m walking on top of the driftwood on the parameter of the willow environment.  As I slowly walk along, I move as quietly as possible between the trees.  I’m always hopeful of seeing wildlife and although it is mid morning…I get lucky.  Something has caught my eye down the beach at the water’s edge and I reach for my camera.

young Styrobuck at the water's edge, Mid May 2013

It’s a young Styrobuck and it is nervously checking out the river.  The wind is blowing my scent in the opposite direction. This is indeed great luck because this unusual animal is also one of the rarest mammals in this area.  Years can go by between sightings and there is always conjecture on whether they still exist here at all.  Occasionally, tracks are found which renews hope that they still occupy their original range. I decided that this was too great a photo opportunity to pass up and so I changed my plans for the day.  I would follow and record this beautiful and odd animal for as long as I could.

Styrobuck at the river, May 2013

The Styrobuck is one of those hard to classify mammals.  Although genetically a deer…it also shares traits with goats and antelopes.  I recall getting caught up in the discovery in 1992 of a new large mammal discovered in the Annamite Range bordering Vietnam and Laos.  Science calls it a Saola, (Pseudoryx nghetinhensis) but it is also more colorfully known as the Asian unicorn.  Anyway, its resemblance to an antelope is striking, but technically it is a member of the cow family.  Just when it was looking like all the big animals on the planet had been discovered…out trotted the Saola.  The mystery of it was amazing!  Of course, the indigenous people had known about it for a long time.  Once in a while, they would catch one in their snares meant for the other forest animals.  Still, it was a great rarity for them as well…a near mythic animal.  It was probably tasty too.

head of a young Styrobuck, May 2013

Styrobuck, detail of head facing forward, May 2013

Styrobuck ,detail, head facing left, May 2013

The Styrobuck is by necessity a very nervous and wary animal.  It is about the size of a small dog and the perfect prey size for many of our predators.  It has large eyes and a keenly developed sense of smell.  There are also old first hand accounts that also suggest the Styrobuck has a sense of curiosity which can lead to its downfall.  Smallish antlers are grown and shed each year after the breeding season in the late autumn.  In the spring one to two fawns are born that remain with their mother until the following  summer.

Styrobuck in the willow woods, May 2013

The animal I was watching was more than likely born last year and probably newly separated from its mother.  To my eye, it did appear that the young Styrobuck was searching for something in the vicinity.

young Styrobuck, mid May 2013

The Styrobuck certainly was concentrating in an area between the river and the margins of the woods.  If there were any other members of its species around here…they remained well hidden.  Every now and then the young buck would browse on young tree leaves and tender grasses.

Styrobuck in the water, may 2013

My last image of the Styrobuck in the water was taken from a vantage point in the top of a willow tree that I quietly shinnied up.  I could feel the wind shifting and sure enough the young buck caught my all too human odor and bolted for parts unknown.  I shared my images with the Interpretive Center who were glad to receive them.  I hope exposing this one animal won’t lead to a stampede by the public that drives this vulnerable species from our area for good.  The Falls of the Ohio is a richer for having this interesting animal call this place home.

Falls of the Ohio, looking east, May 2013

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Into the light, May 2013

Styrofigure in early May, 2013

Stepping away from the place where it was constructed revealed a whole new world for the Polystyrene Person to explore.  The sun was shining and birds were singing and the Falls of the Ohio were once again turning green with emerging tree leaves.  Driftwood was everywhere along the river and there were plenty of micro-environments to experience.

Polystyrene Person dancing in inner tube, May 2013

Being made of trash caused the Polystyrene Person to be less judgmental of the discarded man-made items it came across.  An old inner tube became a tiny arena perfect for dancing.

figure with plastic cable in the trees, May 2013

alternate view of figure with plastic cable in the trees, May 2013

A tough plastic cable captured by the willow branches during the last bit of flooding became another object of interest.  The Polystyrene Person admired the graceful  arcs and how the cable defined this bit of space.  The white figure played with the cable by walking around and stepping through the loops.  There was still more stuff snagged in other trees.

barge cable and figure, May 2013

Discovering a fraying barge cable tangled in the willow branches and dragging on the ground gave the new figure an odd mental image.  What if this was how the sky was tethered to the earth?  What would happen if this cable broke?  Would the blue sky with its flimsy clouds just drift off into space?  Remembering that this was simply a rope caught in a tree brought the smile back to the figure’s face.

Polystyrene Person among willow roots, May 2013

Standing among the roots of a fantastic willow tree, the Polystyrene Person marveled at how the tree maintained its grip on the earth.  Beneath the larger roots was a dense mat of very fine rootlets that held the soil together.

Polystyrene figure standing in water, May 2013

figure among water and willow roots, May 2013

The figure moved to the river’s edge and couldn’t wait to experience water.  It was such an entirely different sensation than standing on solid ground.  Cold water splashed up onto the Polystyrene Person’s face and being wet wasn’t the most pleasant feeling.  The literal tug of the river caused the figure to scramble up on the roots of a nearby willow to keep from being drawn further into the liquid.  Instinctively, the figure realized that it would be lost if the river was allowed to have too tight a grip.  Pulling the Polystyrene Person  back upon the shore, I explained it was time for me to go home.  I offered two choices to my creation.  It could stay at the river and face an uncertain but potentially exciting future where it more than likely would be destroyed by either nature or the hand of man.  Or, it could go home with me and see a different part of the world.  Perhaps because the river was a little scary, the Polystyrene Person opted to go home with me.

The Polystyrene Person opening my car door, May 2013

Because my hands were full…the figure opened my car door for me.  It’s really a very polite and innocent being.  During the short ride from the river to my house…I asked the Polystyrene Person what it would like to do?  The figure replied that it would like to continue to be out in nature and so I found the perfect place in my yard for it.  Happily, my latest creation takes pride in watching over my spring plants as they reveal themselves during the new season.

Polystyrene Person among the Hostas, May 2013

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